[China Glass Network] It is said that glass was discovered by the ancient Phoenician businessman. The Phoenician merchant fleet carrying the trona encountered heavy winds during the voyage and was unable to move on. It had to anchor down and spend the night on the beach. They used alkali blocks as stones, stoved up the stove, and cooked the fire. When the calm was calm, they packed up the stove and prepared to sail, and suddenly found some glittering pearls on the beach. This is the earlier glass.
This ancient legend tells us that glass is made from sand as the main raw material. The chemical composition of sand is silica. The melting point of silica is very high, and the addition of soda ash (sodium carbonate) can greatly reduce the melting temperature and make the melt flow easily. However, the glass that comes out like this can be dissolved in water like a paste. We call it water glass, which is sodium silicate.
Adding limestone, the water glass "eats" the calcium flakes, and the molten glass flowing in the same way as the water cools becomes our common glass. The ancient Egyptian å•¥ å•¥ è‹ åœ¨ 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 —— —— 在 在 在 —— —— —— —— —— —— 在 在 在 å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ å¤ åœ¨ å¤ å¤Only when the melting temperature is not high, the glass beads are not very transparent. For a long time, glass has been the furnishings and works of art in the noble halls of the princes, and has now become a very common household items and building materials. A wide variety of utensils and instruments made of glass are cheap and popular. When building a house, there are always doors and windows made of glass. The World Exposition Hall in Paris, France is made of steel inlaid large-faced glass. It is very well-lit and is known as the “Sunshine Buildingâ€. Ordinary window glass, oil bottles, wine bottles, etc. have a light green color, which is the green color of the raw material for making glass containing divalent iron ions. Some medicine bottles, beer bottles, and soy sauce bottles are brownish yellow, which is still caused by iron impurities, but not divalent iron ions, but trivalent iron ions.
To make glass without color, the materials used must be free of iron. However, natural sand, limestone and soda ash have more or less iron compounds. How to eliminate the green color in the glass? The chemical method is to add a certain proportion of manganese dioxide to the glass melt. Manganese dioxide is an oxidizing agent that oxidizes green divalent iron ions into yellow ferric ions, which become purple trivalent manganese. Yellow and purple are synthetic white, and the glass becomes colorless and transparent. The glass contains different metal compounds that are "dyed" in various colors. Adding cuprous oxide, you can get red glass; add oxidized diamond - blue glass; add chrome oxide - green glass...
Glass will also "age". It is an amorphous supercooled liquid, and the arrangement of molecules and atoms is disorderly. However, after a long period of molecular motion, there will be tiny crystals arranged in a slightly ordered order in the glass, which will reduce the transparency of the glass. It seems to be covered with a layer of mist, so how to wipe it off, people can’t wipe it off. Inspired by the old glass, the glass is quenched and the internal molecules are arranged neatly and microcrystallized. Such glass-ceramics are very similar to metals and are not as crisp as ordinary glass. The glass-ceramic teacup is not afraid of falling, does not burst, and is used to make large-scale reflective telescopes. It does not expand or shrink, and can still work normally in the environment of rapid changes. Glass-ceramics are used as turning tools to cut iron into mud; they can also be processed into artificial bones. The wok made of glass-ceramic, clean, beautiful, can be placed directly on the banquet
Attached to a glass wiping method
1. Rub the glass: first wipe the glass frame with a towel, then use a glass to scrape the diluted glass aqueous solution, evenly apply the glass from top to bottom, repeat the above steps, and scrape it from top to bottom with a glass scraper. Wipe the water marks left on the frame with a dry towel. The water marks on the glass must be scraped with glass, otherwise it will leave a trace on the glass.
2, the vinegar and water in a ratio of 1:2, put in a spray, spray on the glass and then wipe, you can wipe very clean.
3, add 5% of the Amonia solution or gasoline in the basin, use it to clean the glass, wait until the glass is dry and then wipe it clean with a dry cloth, the glass can be spotless, bright and transparent. When cleaning the glass, you can use different models of the window cleaner to see if it is double-glazed or single-layer glass. It is convenient, labor-saving and safe to use the window cleaner.
4, if the surface of the glass is moldy, the ratio of hydrofluoric acid (HF) to water 1:8 can be adjusted (Note: more than 1:8, it will cause damage to the opponent), wipe the glass, pay attention, be sure to do well Corrosion protection work, the skin can not touch HF, otherwise the skin will be severely corroded. After wiping the glass, wipe it again with water, then dry the glass.
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