HC Security Network News Alpha Dog (AlphaGo), in March 2017 to 4: 1 victory over South Korea's Shishi, setting off a wave of artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence (English) is abbreviated as AI. It is a new technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, techniques, and applications that simulate, extend, and extend human intelligence.
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new intelligent machine that responds in a manner similar to human intelligence. Research in this area includes robotics, speech recognition, image recognition, Natural language processing and expert systems. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, the theory and technology have become more and more mature, and the application fields have been expanding. It is conceivable that the technological products brought by artificial intelligence in the future will be the "container" of human wisdom. Artificial intelligence can simulate the information process of human consciousness and thinking. Artificial intelligence is not human intelligence, but it can be like human thinking, and it may exceed human intelligence.
In 1985, the chess king of the world, "Chess King" Kasparov, held a human-machine wheel battle in Hamburg, Germany. In 5 hours, he defeated the hardware and chess software programs of all computer companies with a perfect score of 32:0. However, after 11 years, the situation changed. In 1996, "Chess King" lost the first time in the game with "Deep Blue"; in 1997, the upgraded version of "Chan Blue" in the sixth round of the decision, It took only 22 moves to force Kasparov to concede defeat - this is the fastest defeat in the "Chess King" career. This is an important milestone in artificial intelligence. At that time, the prospect of artificial intelligence supplemented by mass storage technology of network technology, massive computing and database, and thinking like a human brain may not be far away. However, “Azure Blue†relies on violent computing to win – a database of 200 million moves per second and an instant exploration of millions of games. Of course, in the face of real-life problems, the recognition and judgment of natural language, the analysis of fuzzy concepts, the understanding of associations and humor, etc., computers are still unable to do anything. In addition to these, in 2001, a German company developed the chess software "More Fritz" defeated Kasparov, Anand and all the top ten players in the world except Kramnik; 2002 In October, "More Fritz" and Kramnik conducted a "human-machine war" in Bahrain, thinking at a speed of 6 million steps per second, the two sides draw 4 to 4; from January to February 2003 by two Israeli computers The "younger" researched by the experts held a man-machine battle with Kasparov, and the two sides drew a 3 to 3 draw. In China, there is also a Chinese man-made chess master against the super computer "Inspur Tissot" "human-machine war", and eventually the master lost.
Today, a personal computer loaded with a disk program can beat 99.999% of human players. For humans, it is worthwhile to note that the remaining 0.001% of the highest level of human chess players still represents an insurmountable obstacle to the chess field that is fully dominated by computers. The most powerful chess program running on a high-speed machine can perform 1,000,000 or more calculations per second. They are stronger than any human player in complex tactical situations. In terms of opening, they can get unlimited knowledge from disk - tens of millions of steps have been tried and verified. In terms of endgames, they use the endgame library to perform very deep searches, and for the specific limitations of the endgame (such as all the five pieces on the board that add up to the game), they actually have all the information, so they can go without a drain. No computer or artificial intelligence can pass the Turing test? At least, so far, even IBM's Watson has not been able to pass the Turing test. However, there have been artificial intelligence "confusing" or "spoofing" our examiners. In the 2008 test, the highest-scoring computer program successfully deceived 30% of the judges. Is this true artificial intelligence? Is coming soon? The 2008 Turing test, or LoebnerAIPrize, the Lebner Artificial Intelligence Award, entered the finals with a total of six procedures, each of which deceived at least one referee, and the final champion Elbot succeeded in deceiving. 3 of the 12 referees. In 2003, Jabberwacky has been chatting with humans for millions of times.
In the three-day competition from February 14th to 16th, 2011, IBM's "Watson" beat the most popular intellectual quiz TV show "Dangerous Edge" with its powerful computing speed and powerful artificial intelligence algorithm. "The two most successful players in history, Ken Jennings and BradRutter, are another successful example of a machine that challenges human intelligence. For computer Watson, the most important problem in participating in a quiz show is to analyze human language, especially in games full of hints and mischief. Watson needs to recognize the subtle meanings of human language, distinguishing satire, riddles, and word formation. Breaking sentences, poetry clues, etc. These logics and clues. Then it is to break down the problem, quickly search for your own memory data, and find the best answer. Watson can learn human thinking to distinguish human language tone, choose to ignore the problem that is not good at it, it can estimate the remaining bonus and self-confidence of the program, and actively choose whether to continue to answer the question, and has made great progress.
robot
Hollywood director Spielberg's "AI" shows us a real world of artificial intelligence, because robots already have human emotions, and there is no difference between them and humans. However, the reality of robots is too far, but a variety of robots do have a major aspect of artificial intelligence development. In 1920, the former Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Keppel first proposed the term "robot", which can usually be divided into three generations. The first generation was a programmable robot, which typically performed some simple repetitive operations based on the program programmed by the operator. The second generation is the perceptual robot, which is an adaptive robot. It is developed on the basis of the first generation of robots and has different degrees of "perception". Such robots have been used in industry. The third generation of robots will have intelligent mechanisms such as recognition, reasoning, planning and learning. It can combine perception and action intelligence, so it can work in non-specific environments, so it is called intelligent robot. So what are the robots with certain artificial intelligence? It is generally believed that between 1968 and 1972, the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) developed the mobile robot Shakey, the first mobile robot to use artificial intelligence.
Shakey has the intelligence to perform awareness, environment modeling, behavior planning, and perform tasks autonomously (such as finding a wooden box and pushing it to a designated location). Then intelligent robots developed rapidly in Japan, the United States and so on. Among these companies that produce artificial intelligence, South Korea's Robotis, the US's iRobot, and France's Aldebaran RoboticsTM are well-known. Here are a few famous robots. STANLEY, in the unmanned vehicle competition organized by the US military, it was the first to run 131.6 miles to reach its destination. Currently, Google is also studying this topic; the Japanese robot and the "Haibao" robot that will play the violin at the Shanghai World Expo, For those who have been to the Shanghai World Expo, these two robots are quite familiar. One can be seen in many places in the Japan Pavilion; NAO, also at the Shanghai World Expo, produced by the French Pavilion, Aldebaran RoboticsTM; Roomba, the most popular robotic vacuum cleaner in the United States, with timed cleaning time settings on the robot Buttons can be set to automatically clean at any time of the day and every week. Whether you are at home or on the go, the robot will automatically clean up your floor and bring great convenience to the user. Every time the battery is fully charged, Roomba can generally clean 3 rooms. It can also go down the wall roots and drill down to the bottom of the furniture, so that the dust that we usually can hardly touch is also wiped out.
Later, there is an upgraded version of Scooba.ASIMO, a humanoid robot ASIMO developed by Honda Japan. It is the only humanoid robot with human foot walking ability, ASIMO AdvancedStepInnovativeMobility, and advanced pedestrian innovative mobile robot. Since its development in 2000, in addition to the walking function and various human limb movements, it has artificial intelligence, which can pre-set actions, and can also perform corresponding actions according to human voices, gestures, etc. In addition, He also has basic memory and recognition skills. Underwater robots, underwater unmanned aerial vehicles (UUV), intelligent underwater robots (AUVs) are one of them. They have been developed since the 1980s and have important applications in military and scientific research. Some famous AUVs. Such as: AUVARIES of the US Naval Postgraduate Institute, Odyssey II of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, R2D4 underwater robot developed by Japan, REMUS (Remoteenvironmentalmonitoringunites, long-distance environmental monitoring device), "Zhishui-4" developed by Harbin Engineering University, China. These robots are highly intelligent, with strong environmental awareness and target recognition capabilities, and intelligent information processing for motion control and planning decisions. RoboCup, originally intended for RobotWorldCup, has been playing robots since 1997. Their goal is "By2050, developateamoffullyautonomoushumanoidrobotsthatcanwinagainstthehumanworldchampionteaminsoccer". Since the robots are really diverse, they will not be described. In short, robots are a very important application and research direction of artificial intelligence.
Electronic products: Electronic products are undoubtedly one of the most important aspects of the development of artificial intelligence
In 2011, Apple released iPhone4S, and "virtual personal assistant" Siri became one of the biggest highlights of 4S. Siri can support natural language input, and can call the system's own weather forecast, schedule, search data and other applications. Ability to continually learn new voices and intonations and provide a conversational response. When iPhone5 was released, Siri had already improved greatly. Apple's real intention was to make Siri an independent micro system in iOS and eventually occupy the voice artificial intelligence market. With the advent of Siri, Google's chairman of the board, Schmidt, said that Siri is seriously threatening the search business, because it has been able to conduct voice search, so Google began to develop better voice intelligence technology than Siri. Correspondingly, eBay, LG, HTC, Samsung and other companies have begun to invest in the development of voice intelligence technology. Microsoft's Windows 8 has speech recognition, but the market reaction is bad.
nternationalConsumerElectronicsShow, the International Consumer Electronics Show, aims to promote the close integration of cutting-edge electronics and modern life. The exhibition began in 1967 and has a history of 45 years. It has become a window for major electronics companies around the world to release product information and demonstrate high-tech levels and advocate future lifestyles. The following is a brief introduction of important products that reflect artificial intelligence at CES in recent years.
In 2013, all things were more or less intelligent with labels. The following are just some of the representative ones.
(1) Samsung's new smart TV. You can easily and quickly search for TV shows, premium video-on-demand content, apps, social circles, and content on your local device, while users can create their own personalized TV experience based on custom recommendations. Using everyday language or casual gestures, you can send commands to the TV to search for content or manipulate the TV.
(2) Connected families. This is one of the hard-to-achieve commitments at CES each year. All home appliances, lights, alarm systems, etc. can be networked and controlled via the Internet. This demonstration of connected homes will be another major theme of this year's CES. Many companies, such as Google and Eletriclmp, are trying to make it a reality, but no real breakthrough has yet been made.
(3) Driverless cars. We all know that Google has been developing driverless cars. Surprisingly, Toyota and Audi have also announced that they will show driverless cars at CES. In 2012, many CES manufacturers released a variety of smart home appliances, SMARTTV, cloud TV, smart washing machines, intelligent robot sweepers, smart refrigerators, and even smart cameras, all of which were labeled smart. For example, Lenovo adopts the IDE4.0 system ideaTVK91, which can provide users with three-screen interactive, smart on-demand, application download and daily TV program reception, etc., and also added a 5 megapixel camera as a face recognition unlock. Samsung introduced the ES8000 with super-powerful dual-core processor, front camera and built-in microphone, which can realize three new inductive functions of somatosensory control, voice command and face recognition, and plans to start sales in the first quarter. In short, paying attention to CES, every product above may have the shadow of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is going deep into our lives. I want to use the words of Google Chairman of the Board of Directors Schmidt to talk about the future direction of electronic products. Schmidt said, "We want to move the topic from the device to the problem. When you come home with an Android device and walk into the living room, your TV will recognize you because your Android device authenticates you. TV will also send you a text message, it knows you very well." This is a small characterization of the era of artificial intelligence.
Editor in charge: Zhang Zequn
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