For the time being, no matter how rare or precious the materials are, the natural materials themselves are alive, but the unnecessary consumption can no longer erase the misdeeds of human morality, not to mention the rudimentary creations that are shoddy and irresponsible. Heidegger once put forward the idea in the ethical sense of creation: although the sculptor uses stone as if he is dealing with masons and stones, the sculptor does not consume stones; although the painter also uses paint, his The use is not to consume pigments, but to make the pigments shine; although the poets also use words, unlike the people who usually speak and write, they must consume words. It is better to say that words are used and maintained as words through the use of poets. It can be seen that the carving of jade should be incorporated into the ethical and cherished ideas at the beginning. In the design process of jade carving products, the designer should mentally regard it as a real “art workâ€, that is, the designer should not consume materials like sculptors and painters, but should make it something Need and make the best use of it. The “use†here is not only the “use†of material and function, but also the “use†of spiritual, artistic and emotional.
As a consumer, he has the right to choose the consumer goods he likes, but why does the jade carving product, which can be diversified and caters to individual emotional needs, go to it to choose the wrong way of the consumer? Many realities reflect the vicious signs that the industry has manifested and remains hidden. Isn't this a human being?
The standard of judging for contemporary jade carvings is coming out, because more people from Chongyu and Aiyu cannot tolerate countless visual pollution and garbage production in the market. It is also due to the respect and responsibility of traditional jade culture. Jade “German†can be derived in the contemporary era. But can't be distorted. In many cases, people's consumption of these handicrafts is not entirely due to personal preferences. As each industry insider has a greater responsibility to guide the correct jade "de" view, it is necessary to express the intentions and guide consumers to "what is the real thing." Beautiful, worthy of possession. The author believes that jade carving products must take a multi-dimensional and personalized route in the moment.
What is “diversity†and “personalityâ€? First of all, the problem that needs to be solved is the re-recognition and definition of “Jadeâ€, which is the basic premise of jade carving evaluation. The narrow jade refers to the real jade that is specially called under the ideology of the traditional ruling class. It is this singular status that makes the next generations continue to simulate jade products. Other jade becomes sub-products and substitutes under the corresponding social identity classification, and the discourse power is absent. In the contemporary era, it is necessary to define the concept of jade in a broad sense. Only the concept of inclusiveness can be the "recognition" of jade that is not cheap, so that its name is justified as its own, with its own "personality" characteristics. Take your own "diversified" design and production route, instead of being forced to imitate and yield to humble. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a history of the ritual system. The princes who could not enjoy the real jade also used other materials of jade in the tomb to make the "nine" number of instruments that the emperor could enjoy. Focusing on the present, we are not going to overstep the ritual system, but adopt a kind of "extraordinary" nature to save those materials that have been degraded to counterfeiting or substitution because of their esteem, to correct the consciously and unconsciously Just position yourself as a "lower person" habit and attitude. Every jade is unique and has its own beauty: Hetian jade is warm and concise, jade is rich and rich, and Dushan jade is unpredictable. Such as the comparability and the incomparability of the various materials, if you can get the proper design and use, you can stand out.
Secondly, it is necessary to form a new understanding and positioning of jade carving products. Shiyi is moving, society and culture are constantly changing, and people's concepts are constantly changing. Since jade has moved from Wang Yu to Minyu, the variety will be included in a wider social group with different identities, and new divisions will be made according to different functions. Personally, the contemporary jade carving varieties can be divided into three major categories: jade carving art, jade carving crafts and fashion consumer goods. This division is different from the traditional classification method that has always been dominated by the shape and theme.
First, jade carving art. Jade carvings include traditional style art and contemporary art. This division allows old traditional themes, expression techniques and modern creative ideas to coexist. In the contemporary era, many jade carving works are very embarrassing when they are facing the awards. Because the design ideas are not in line with the traditionally recognized standards, they are excluded from the door, which is not conducive to innovation in the industry. It can be said that the innovation in jade carving technique is limited, but the innovation in concept is unlimited. As long as the idea is healthy and beneficial, it should be guided. The so-called "beneficial" refers to both respecting materials and benefiting the use of materials, as well as a useful reflection and understanding of jade culture and art. From a functional point of view, the positioning of jade carving art is a collection, collecting different styles of works, it must be high-end boutique. Whether this kind of jade carving works is a fine product should not only focus on materials and crafts. There is a kind of work that can be said to be poor and skillful. Everywhere, there is no need for any maneuvering. The viewer will admire his superb skills, but it is not necessarily impressed by such works. In fact, the beauty of a work and the story behind it will resonate with the viewer. There is also a kind of work, which does not go through the whole sculpture, and keeps the beauty of the original stone as much as possible, which can bring a wider image space to the viewer. This type of work is not a lack of carving techniques, but a partial local design detail, just the right amount of fine-grained, the design process is no easier than the previous type of work. In a sense, the latter type of work has a more collectible value, not only because it is more respectful to the jade material itself, but also has a wonderfully creative and unique image, and it has a wider redesign space and more than the previous type of work. Use value.
Second, jade carving crafts. It includes gifts and tourist souvenirs for social interactions. Jade has been more integrated into the contemporary humorous and even satirical secular culture, and some can even be exaggeratedly compared to the "brain twist". The viewer does not know the name of the work. Imagine if a work cannot be Can you call it a work of art with the viewer's understanding of cognitive resonance? It should be considered that such a large number of secularized works have a fusion of contemporary culture in the process of inheriting traditional secular culture, but it does not represent the best jade carving works, and can only be classified as jade carving crafts. To be precise, tourist souvenirs are another function of jade carving crafts, which contain high, medium and low grade products. However, it must be emphasized that tourism souvenirs should also focus on brand management. Only the brand and the historical culture it carries are the original intention of a tourist who is willing to purchase as a commemoration. The crude production can only damage the image that the operator wants to promote and promote. Once spread, some damage The local culture and corporate image will be devastating.
Third, fashion consumer goods. Jade carving fashion consumer goods mainly include jewelry and other accessories. At present, the history of market gifts has a long history. There have been: gifts to God - the jade of gods, the gifts of heaven and earth - the jade of the heaven and earth, the gifts of the nobles of the palace - the jade of tribute and reward, and the personal communication Gift. The function of jade as a "ritual" has continued to this day. It is undeniable that a considerable number of handicrafts are necessary for establishing various social relationships. People should face up to the necessity of such a need, and should not conceal or cast aside.
It can be said that the secular subject matter of many jade carving products on the market today caters to this cultural need, such as the traditional secular culture of Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi, and Cai, which profoundly affects the design trend of jade carving products: no matter what materials Formed a custom, first made into "Rui Beast", "Bat", "Lotus", "Lotus", "Peony", "蟾", "Magpie", "Elephant", "Aquarius", etc. These auspicious Swiss-speaking languages ​​carry out the so-called innovative homophonic processing. The "continuous rise to the third level" has become "continuous three chickens" and "river crab" means "harmony." It can be said that there are a considerable number of jade ornaments on the homophonic processing, most of which are worn on the body, such as bracelets, rings, earrings, neck ornaments, waist ornaments and a few pieces of accessories. Its grades are different, the high price is a million yuan, and the low price is very obvious.
Fashion has a strong variability, sometimes seeking new, sometimes retro, reflecting the personality of fashion changes. Many people don't understand why there are so many pieces of mass production and sales at present, which must be traced to the timeliness, popularity and imitation characteristics of fashion. The top-grade Hetian jade, the jade Guanyin, and the Buddha pendant are unaffordable items for ordinary people, but they use Yuyu as Hetian Qingyu, and use Malay jade or processed B and C goods to counterfeit A-car jade, etc. The processing of jade can make it achieve a realistic effect. This unnatural intervention makes the products of “six-filled and fake-true†satisfy the desire of ordinary people to consume, and they can wear those like A decent emerald pendant.
Any fashion can only continue to be discarded in the imitation of the original fashion in order to appear new fashion. It can be said that secular and even kitsch have this strong ability to imitate, by clumsingly emulating various forms or taking all forms together in a random way, to pay attention to some styles that they have not experienced. However, due to the limitations of materials, it is not easy to make fashion changes on jade. One result of fashion is that a large number of imitations of fashion and imitation of the products left behind are formed, such as the popularity of Guanyin, Buddha, the first few The popular 貔貅, 平安, the popular hand-woven combination buckle, beads jewelry in the past few years, and the current market is built on these fashion relics. Here, we must be clear that as a fashion consumer goods, jade ornaments should have more expression channels and a wider design space, instead of imitating the bad names of “falsification and counterfeitingâ€. The involvement of some high-tech means should better serve unique ideas. Even if the materials are not true, they can also win by design. Such cases are everywhere in the design of artificial jewelry. In addition, some bad jade materials should not be neglected and wasted. As long as they are repositioned, evaluated and recognized, as long as they are tailored and have good design concepts to guide consumers, those bad conditions will inevitably change.
It can be seen that the repositioning and understanding of contemporary jade carvings is the precondition for establishing the standard of jade carving. Under the objective "class" positioning, the industries involved in the fields of mining, industry, trade, learning and research Naturally, it will develop in a healthy and sustainable direction.
(Author: Zhu Yifang, Ph.D. in Fine Arts, Tsinghua University, is a postdoctoral fellow at the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University, mainly engaged in traditional arts and crafts, jade culture and industrial economy and policy research.)
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